A nephrologist is a medical specialist who focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions related to the kidneys. These highly trained physicians play a critical role in managing kidney disorders, including kidney diseases, hypertension, electrolyte imbalances, and fluid retention. Nephrologists possess expertise in understanding the complex functions of the kidneys, which include regulating blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and filtering waste from the blood to form urine. They work with patients across a spectrum of kidney-related issues, ranging from chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury to kidney stones and glomerulonephritis. Nephrologists employ various diagnostic tools, such as blood and urine tests, imaging studies, and kidney biopsies, to assess and diagnose conditions accurately.

Treatment approaches may involve medications, lifestyle modifications, dialysis, or kidney transplantation. Nephrologists often collaborate with other healthcare professionals, including urologists, cardiologists, and primary care physicians, to provide comprehensive care for patients with kidney-related issues.